XFF[0] is attacker-controllable; a crafted X-Forwarded-For header could attribute login failures to a victim IP, triggering their lockout while the attacker accumulates none. ingress-nginx sets X-Real-IP via its realip module using an authoritative CIDR allowlist and overwrites any client-supplied value, making it spoof-resistant. Fallback to XFF[0] is retained for defence in depth but now emits a warning if reached. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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